Eyelid Surgery

The skin loses its elasticity and our muscles slacken with age. For the eyelids this results in an accumulation of loose skin whichcollects as folds in the upper lids and forms deepening creases in the lower lids. At the same time there is slackening of the musclebeneath the skin allowing the fat, which cushions the eyes in their sockets, to protrude forward to give the appearance of bagginess. In some families there is an inherited tendency for bags to develop during early adulthood before any skin changes.

The problem often seems worse in the morning particularly with prolonged stress and lack of sleep. Fluid that is normally distributed throughout the upright body during the day, tends at night to settle in areas where the skin is loose, such as the eyelids.

Drooping of the eyelids is also an effect of the ageing process and aggravates the accumulation of the skin in the upper eyelids. Sometimes so much skin accumulates in the upper lids that it hangs over the eyelashes to obstruct vision.

Bags are caused by an accumulation of fat and with age the skin stretches and the muscles around the eye weaken.

What can be done?

An eyelid reduction (blepharoplasty) removes the surplus skin and protruding fat to produce a more alert appearance and reduces the morning swelling. Sometimes it is only necessary to reduce the skin, sometimes the skin and the fat and sometimes just the fat.

If only the fat is being removed from the lower eyelids, then this can be removed from the inside of the lower eyelid avoiding an external excision (transconjunctival blepharoplasty)

What are the consequences?

People who have the familial problem of bags beneath the eyes may well undergo surgery in their 20?s. Ageing effects of the skin are apparent earlier in the eyelids than elsewhere. A reduction of the skin can be carried out from the age of 35. Patients with thyroid disease often develop eye signs which can be helped by surgery. Where there is reduced secretion of thyroxin (hypo-thyroidism)

there is an increase in fat and where there is an increase in thyroxine (hyper-thyroidism) there is often so much increase in fat that the eyes protrude. An extended eyelid reduction (Olivari?s procedure) can treat this satisfactorily.

Transconjunctival blepharoplasty

– incision made inside.

In a typical eyelid reduction operation incisions lines follow the natural lines of the eyelids.

What are the limitations?

It is important for you to understand that only the wrinkles which are in the skin which is cut away will be removed. We are only treating

the eyelids within the bony margin of the orbit (eye sockets). Folds of skin extending on to the cheek (festoons) will not normally be

improved. Wrinkles in the area of the crow?s feet will remain and although the skin is much tighter it is still necessary to be able to

open and close the eyes freely. The skin has less elasticity with age and for proper closure of the eye the upper eyelid will need to

have surplus skin when it is open. Descent of the eyebrow can be helped by endoscopic brow lift and an extension of this, the deep

facelift, can be used to not only lift the eyebrow and the upper eyelid, but also lift and open the outer angle of the eye.

Sometimes residual or recurrent wrinkles are suitable for treatment by chemical peeling or laser resurfacing. The operation has no

effect at all on the dark colour of the lower eyelid.

The Operation

Both upper and lower eyelid surgery can be carried out under local anaesthesia or under general anaesthesia in a hospital.

In a typical procedure the surgeon makes incisions following the natural lines of your eyelids; in the creases of upper lids and just

below the lashes in the lower lids (see illustration). These incisions are extended a little way into the crow?s feet or laughter lines at the

corner of the eyes. Through this incision surplus fat is removed and excess skin and sagging muscle removed.

If you have a pocket of fat beneath your lower eyelids without surplus skin then the fat may be removed through the inside of the lower

eyelid.

The resurfacing laser can be used at the same time as a transconjunctival blepharoplasty to tighten the external skin and reduce

wrinkles, although there is no external scar there is residual redness in the skin which will last a few months.

Following surgery it would be best to keep your head elevated for a few days to reduce swelling. Cold compresses can also help. The

surgeon will normally apply some suture strips or steri-strips as support to the eyelids after surgery and if these become crusted they

can be replaced. Cleaning the eyes with water is useful and the surgeon may advise the use of eye drops or ointment.

The sutures are usually removed after 3 to 5 days and soon after you will be able to use make-up. Sometimes you will be advised to

use the suture strips or steri-strips as support to the lower eyelids for a week or so.

The closure of the eyes appears tight after surgery because of the swelling and because skin has been removed. If closure is not

complete at night the patient should apply some eye ointment before going to sleep. This sensation will settle as the swelling goes

down.

The eyes appear watery after surgery, partly because of swelling under the conjunctiva (chemosis) and partly because the tear ducts

are swollen and do not drain as readily. This will last a few weeks. Although there is bruising it can quite readily be disguised with

make-up and dark glasses. The scars will be pink for a few months, but eventually they become almost invisible.

What are the risks?

All surgery carries some uncertainty and risk. When eyelid surgery is performed by a qualified Plastic Surgeon complications are

infrequent and usually minor. You can check that your surgeon is on the Specialist Register kept by the General Medical Council

(telephone 0171 915 3638). All members of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) are on the Register.

You can reduce the risks by closely following your surgeon?s instructions both before and after surgery. You should tell him of any

thyroid disease, high blood pressure, diabetes or eye disorder such as detached retina or glaucoma. It may be that he/she will wish

you to be checked by an Ophthalmologist.

Occasionally a pool of blood can collect under the skin after the operation has finished (haematoma) this usually disperses

spontaneously over 2 or 3 weeks but it may need to be drained if it is large. Quite commonly the margin of the lower lid is slightly

pulled away from the eye during the first day or two after surgery due to swelling. This will settle on its own or with the help of suture

strips or steri-strips. Very occasionally another operation is necessary.

Sometimes tiny white cysts can appear along the stitch line. They are nothing to be concerned about but can be pricked out with a

needle. Blindness is an exceptionally rare complication.

DISCLAIMER:

This document is designed to supply useful information but is not to be regarded as advice specific to any particular case. It does not

replace the need for a thorough consultation and all prospective patients should seek the advice of a suitably qualified medical

practitioner. The BAAPS accepts no liability for any decision taken by the reader in respect of the treatment they decide to undertake.